Periodic Limb Movement Disorder and Sleep Apnea

Periodic limb movement disorder (PLMD) and sleep apnea are two separate sleep disorders, but they can coexist in the same person and may affect sleep quality and duration.

PLMD is a movement disorder characterized by involuntary, repetitive leg movements during sleep. These movements can be disruptive and lead to fragmented sleep, resulting in excessive daytime sleepiness and fatigue.

Sleep apnea, on the other hand, is a breathing disorder where the airway becomes obstructed during sleep, causing a person to briefly stop breathing. This can lead to reduced oxygen levels in the blood and brief awakenings, leading to fragmented sleep and excessive daytime sleepiness.

The presence of PLMD in a person with sleep apnea can further disrupt sleep by causing additional brief awakenings, leading to increased daytime sleepiness and fatigue. In addition, the repetitive leg movements can cause arousals and brief awakenings, which can increase the risk of developing sleep apnea or worsening existing sleep apnea.

While the relationship between PLMD and sleep apnea is not fully understood, studies have shown that people with sleep apnea are more likely to have PLMD, and treating one condition can sometimes improve the other. Treating both conditions is important for improving sleep quality and overall health. Treatment for sleep apnea typically involves the use of a continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) machine, which helps keep the airway open during sleep. Treatment for PLMD may include medication or lifestyle changes to reduce symptoms.

If you suspect you have either condition, it's important to speak with a healthcare provider who can evaluate your symptoms and recommend an appropriate course of treatment.